Cybersecurity Triage
Read-only, sensitive outputList SSH Allow and Deny Rules
You need to find SSH allow-list and deny-list directives across the main config and include files.
Command
grep -RhnE '^(AllowUsers|AllowGroups|DenyUsers|DenyGroups|Match )' etc/ssh
Before you run this
System impact: Read-only. Output may expose users, paths, tokens, keys, IPs, process arguments, or log details.
When not to use it: Do not remove allow or deny rules from this output alone; confirm group membership, Match context, and operational ownership first.
Expected output
Line-numbered SSH access directives from sshd_config and included files.
System impact
Read-only, sensitive output. Nothing changes. The command searches fixture-local SSH config files and prints matching access directives with file and line numbers.
Recovery / rollback: no state is changed.
When to use it
Use during access reviews, server handoffs, or when a user can authenticate but still cannot open an SSH session.
When not to use it
Do not remove allow or deny rules from this output alone; confirm group membership, Match context, and operational ownership first.
Watch this command run
Command transcript
This sanitized transcript shows the commands and output shape without exposing host details.
$ find etc/ssh -type f -print | sort
etc/ssh/sshd_config
etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/access.conf
$ grep -RhnE '^(AllowUsers|AllowGroups|DenyUsers|DenyGroups|Match )' etc/ssh
1:DenyUsers test oldadmin
2:AllowGroups ssh-login deployers
6:AllowUsers alice deploy
8:Match Address 198.51.100.0/24
View commands shown
These are the commands shown in the sanitized transcript.
Commands shown
find etc/ssh -type f -print | sortgrep -RhnE '^(AllowUsers|AllowGroups|DenyUsers|DenyGroups|Match )' etc/ssh
next steps
Related commands
Show SSH Auth Policy Order
The order of Include, Match, and authentication directives changes how SSH policy reads.
grep -nE '^(Include|Match |PubkeyAuthentication|PasswordAuthentication|AuthenticationMethods|[[:space:]]+(PasswordAuthentication|AuthenticationMethods))' etc/ssh/sshd_config
Check Key SSH Authentication Settings
SSH policy should be visible before you change it.
grep -nE '^(PasswordAuthentication|PermitRootLogin|PubkeyAuthentication|AllowUsers)' etc/ssh/sshd_config
Find SSH Password Auth Exceptions
A global password-auth setting can be changed later by a Match block.
awk '/^Match /{ctx=$0} /^PasswordAuthentication|^AuthenticationMethods|^[[:space:]]+PasswordAuthentication|^[[:space:]]+AuthenticationMethods/ {print (ctx ? ctx : "global") ": " $0}' etc/ssh/sshd_config
Extract SSH AllowUsers Accounts
AllowUsers turns SSH access into an explicit account list.
awk '/^AllowUsers/ {for (i = 2; i <= NF; i++) print $i}' etc/ssh/sshd_config
Review sudo Grants
Privilege paths should be visible before you remove or approve access.
awk -F: '$1=="sudo" {print "sudo group: " $4}' fixtures/user-access-audit/etc/group; grep -RhnE '^[^#].*ALL=' fixtures/user-access-audit/etc/sudoers fixtures/user-access-audit/etc/sudoers.d
Study mapping
Use this as independent command practice: read the notes, predict the output, then compare it with the example before using a real shell.
Useful for
- LPIC-1 style command-line practice
- LFCS style performance tasks
- Linux+ style troubleshooting review
Independent study support only. No affiliation, endorsement, exam dumps, or real exam questions.